Obasan Essays - Japanese Canadian Internment, Obasan, Joy Kogawa

Obasan I decided to read the novel by Joy Kogawa entitled Obasan. The novel was written in 1981 and told the details of how the Japanese were discriminated against during World War 2. The author's main purpose was to educated the reader on how hard life really was for her family and other Japanese Canadians living in British Columbia, and especially in Vancouver. Joy Kogawa tried to show how ignorant British Columbians really were, and that we still do not fully understand what really happened during the war. She also tries to teach Canadians the culture of the Japanese. The novel starts in the seventies with Naomi a teacher in Northern Alberta finding out that her uncle has died. When Naomi returns home to console her Aunt Obasan, she begins to relive the difficulties of her life. She recounts the struggle against the government and themselves while trying to stay in Vancouver. Naomi is very small at the time of the war and did not really fully understand what was happening to her race. The novel recounts the struggle of Naomi's Aunt Emily to ensure that her family would be together in whatever place they were sent to. Aunt Emily wanted to head east to Toronto, but was unable to get the documentation for the entire family which included her sister children, who she was taking care of. The novel discuses the camps that the Japanese families were sent to in Hastings Park during the war. It described the treatment the families received while there, including the lack of food and the smell of manure. Naomi during this time was being sexually molested by her next door neighbor and did not tell anybody about this. Naomi seems resentful during the novel, as she comes across as a quiet little girl, who does not seem to interact with many people. Aunt Emily finally finds a place in Slocan for the family to go live, but just before they leave finds out her and her immediate family could go to Toronto. This leaves Aunt Emily going to Toronto and everybody else moving to Toronto. In the end almost everybody ends up dying. The novel had many strengths and weaknesses. One strength that really got to me is the great detail in how the Japanese were treated, though they were Canadian citizens. Obasan also taught me a lot about the Japanese culture and background. I enjoyed learning that it was custom to take a bath with your family when you were younger. I also learned that the government took away the vehicles of the Japanese and auctioned them off, which really shocked me. Joy Kogawa also brought in a good insight about what the Japanese Canadians were really feeling and going through during these tough times. On the flip side there were also many weaknesses in the book Obasan. One major weakness was the failure to distinguish between present time and the past. There were to many times that I did not realize that Naomi had switched into a flashback or vice versa. This left me rereading many pages over. I also did not like the way that the novel would drag on. It sometimes failed to have much to do with the rest of the story, and is to wordy. I believe the story could have been told in about one hundred and eighty pages instead of the two hundred and fifty pages. I think that the novel could have also gone into a little more detail about the living conditions at Hastings Park, and also a political aspect of why this was happening to these people. All and all I would have to say this novel helped me a lot in understanding what happened during the Second World War. Before reading this novel, I would have to admit that I really did not even know this happened in Canada, which is really sad. I did know though that the Japanese in the United States were sent from the west coast, but did not realize that it reached the west coast of Canada. Obasan is a very good novel for anybody who did not know what happened during the Second World War. I would

60 Synonyms for Trip

60 Synonyms for Trip 60 Synonyms for â€Å"Trip† 60 Synonyms for â€Å"Trip† By Mark Nichol Going somewhere? Consider being a bit more specific about what type of experience you’re going to experience: 1. Adventure: a trip involving some risk 2. Boat trip: see cruise 3. Business trip: a trip to another location for the purpose of conducting business 4. Campaign: a trip involving stopping at more than one destination to achieve a larger goal; originally, referred to a military enterprise of this nature 5. Circuit: a trip undertaken regularly as part of an official schedule 6. Commutation: see commuting 7. Commute: a regular trip taken back and forth, especially from home to work and back 8. Crossing: a trip, generally over a large body of water or through challenging terrain 9. Cruise: a trip conducted on a vessel on one or more bodies of water 10. Drive: a trip taken in a motor vehicle, often for the purpose of enjoying scenery and/or traveling to a place for enjoyment 11. Entrada: see expedition 12. Errand: a usually short trip to conduct business for oneself or another; earlier, meant a diplomatic mission 13. Excursion: a short trip taken for pleasure; also can mean a deviation from a planned or expected course; see also expedition 14. Expedition: a trip conducted for a specific reason, such as exploration or scientific discovery or to achieve a military objective; also, a jocular way to refer to a meticulously planned personal, family, or group trip (can also refer to those undertaking the trip, and, as the noun form of expedite, means â€Å"speed†) 15. Field trip: an officially organized trip undertaken by students or a group for educational purposes 16. Flight: a trip undertaken by air 17. Foray: a trip, perhaps one taken outside expected parameters; also, an attack or invasion 18. Grand tour: an extended trip often for educational purposes; also, a traditional extended trip around Europe as part of a British gentleman’s education and personal development 19. Hajj: a required trip to Mecca undertaken by Moslems (see pilgrimage); also, generically refers to a secular trip 20. Hike: a walk, often in the wilderness or an area set aside for outdoor activities, taken for enjoyment and/or exercise 21. Hop: a short trip, especially by air 22. Jaunt: a pleasure trip; originally referred to an exhausting trip 23. Journey: a trip; originally referred to a day’s travel (ultimately from the Latin term diurnus, â€Å"day†) 24. Junket: an official trip made at someone else’s expense, often with limited justification 25. Long haul: an extended trip 26. Migration: a trip to another location, either to settle or, for animals, to avoid a period of adverse weather conditions 27. Mission: a trip undertaken for a strategic objective 28. Odyssey: a long, arduous trip involving perils and/or resulting in enlightenment 29. Outing: a short pleasure trip, especially to enjoy the outdoors; also an athletic performance or event, an appearance or performance by a writer or performing arts, or the identification by others of a public figure who had been concealing their homosexuality 30. Overnight: a trip involving participants staying at the destination until the next day 31. Passage: a trip usually by air or sea; also, accommodations during such a trip 32. Perambulation: a trip on foot 33. Peregrination: a trip, generally on foot 34. Pleasure trip: a trip taken for enjoyment rather than for a practical purpose 35. Pilgrimage: a journey to a sacred place or to a location that has significant personal meaning 36. Procession: a trip, often involving multiple travelers and complicated preparations, often of an official or ceremonial nature 37. Progress: see circuit, expedition, and procession 38. Quest: a trip with the objective of finding something or making a significant literal or figurative discovery 39. Ramble: an aimless or loosely organized trip 40. Ride: see drive; also, a similar trip on another type of vehicle or mounted on an animal 41. Road trip: a self-organized trip involving extensive travel in a motor vehicle 42. Round trip: a trip that culminates in a return to the starting point 43. Safari: from a Swahili word for â€Å"journey,† taken from Arabic; connotes a hunting trip, especially in Africa, though in many present-day safaris, the shooting is done with cameras, not guns 44. Sail: a trip on a sailboat or sailing ship 45. Shlep: an arduous trip; also means â€Å"a loser,† and as a verb means â€Å"to carry or drag† 46. Slog: see shlep 47. Spin: see drive 48. Survey: a trip undertaken to observe phenomena and/or record data 49. Tour: a trip involving stops at multiple destinations, often organized by a company or organization for paying participants; see also â€Å"grand tour† 50. Tramp: a walking trip; also used in the phrase â€Å"tramp steamer† to denote a freelance cargo ship 51. Transit: see crossing 52. Travel: generally used in plural form to describe one’s experiences going on trips 53. Traverse: see crossing 54. Trek: to take a trip or migrate, with a connotation of length and difficulty 55. Vacation: a trip taken for leisure as a respite from work or from normal life in general 56. Venture: see adventure 57. Visit: a trip undertaken to spend time with friends or family 58. Voyage: originally, any long trip, but now confined to those over a large body of water 59. Walkabout: a migratory trip in Australia 60. Weekend: a trip away from the usual environment between one workweek and the next Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Disappointed + PrepositionWriting Styles (with Examples)

Linear Regression Statistics and Analysis

Linear Regression Statistics and Analysis Linear regression is a statistical technique that is used to learn more about the relationship between an independent (predictor) variable and a dependent (criterion) variable. When you have more than one independent variable in your analysis, this is referred to as multiple linear regression. In general, regression allows the researcher to ask the general question â€Å"What is the best predictor of†¦?† For example, let say we were studying the causes of obesity, measured by body mass index (BMI). In particular, we wanted to see if the following variables were significant predictors of a person’s BMI: number of fast food meals eaten per week, number of hours of television watched per week, the number of minutes spent exercising per week, and parents’ BMI. Linear regression would be a good methodology for this analysis. The Regression Equation When you are conducting a regression analysis with one independent variable, the regression equation is Y a b*X where Y is the dependent variable, X is the independent variable, a is the constant (or intercept), and b is the slope of the regression line. For example, let’s say that GPA is best predicted by the regression equation 1 0.02*IQ. If a student had an IQ of 130, then, his or her GPA would be 3.6 (1 0.02*130 3.6). When you are conducting a regression analysis in which you have more than one independent variable, the regression equation is Y a b1*X1 b2*X2 †¦ bp*Xp. For example, if we wanted to include more variables to our GPA analysis, such as measures of motivation and self-discipline, we would use this equation. R-Square R-square, also known as the coefficient of determination, is a commonly used statistic to evaluate the model fit of a regression equation. That is, how good are all of your independent variables at predicting your dependent variable? The value of R-square ranges from 0.0 to 1.0 and can be multiplied by 100 to obtain a percentage of variance explained. For example, going back to our GPA regression equation with only one independent variable (IQ)†¦Let’s say that our R-square for the equation was 0.4. We could interpret this to mean that 40% of the variance in GPA is explained by IQ. If we then add our other two variables (motivation and self-discipline) and the R-square increases to 0.6, this means that IQ, motivation, and self-discipline together explain 60% of the variance in GPA scores. Regression analyses are typically done using statistical software, such as SPSS or SAS and so the R-square is calculated for you. Interpreting the Regression Coefficients (b) The b coefficients from the equations above represent the strength and direction of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. If we look at the GPA and IQ equation, 1 0.02*130 3.6, 0.02 is the regression coefficient for the variable IQ. This tells us that the direction of the relationship is positive so that as IQ increases, GPA also increases. If the equation were 1 - 0.02*130 Y, then this would mean that the relationship between IQ and GPA was negative. Assumptions There are several assumptions about the data that must be met in order to conduct a linear regression analysis: Linearity: It is assumed that the relationship between the independent and dependent variables is linear. Though this assumption can never be fully confirmed, looking at a scatterplot of your variables can help make this determination. If a curvature in the relationship is present, you may consider transforming the variables or explicitly allowing for nonlinear components.Normality: It is assumed that the residuals of your variables are normally distributed. That is, the errors in the prediction of the value of Y (the dependent variable) are distributed in a way that approaches the normal curve. You can look at histograms or normal probability plots to inspect the distribution of your variables and their residual values.Independence: It is assumed that the errors in the prediction of the value of Y are all independent of one another (not correlated).Homoscedasticity: It is assumed that the variance around the regression line is the same for all values of the independent variables. Source StatSoft: Electronic Statistics Textbook. (2011). statsoft.com/textbook/basic-statistics/#Crosstabulationb.

Tradition and Culture in the Third World Countries Essay

Tradition and Culture in the Third World Countries - Essay Example The Islamic influence helped to boost the peoples fighting skills and the greater strength of the empire. Owing to this, the Ottoman Empire expanded through conquering their neighbors with their well-advanced fighting skills. In addition, all these successes came due to the knowledge of their culture in advance (McCarthy 56).  Third world countries do not have the capacity to create advanced technology enjoyed by the first world countries. Due to this, they have to borrow it from them and establish it to their capacity. Therefore, to have command of the technology, they need to learn the previous and present philosophies that led to their creation. This would give a guideline on how to develop other advanced technologies. Acquiring tradition directly from others may not be beneficial to all third world countries. Some kind of traditions does not fit in the lifestyle of the third world countries. Traditions were part of the motives that led to the fall of the Ottoman Empire. The emp ire had the tradition of inheriting the seat of a sultan. The struggle for the control of the empire led to its sudden decline. Therefore, the third world countries should only choose beneficial ideas leading to the growth of the respective countries (McCarthy 289).         

Rousseau Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Rousseau - Essay Example Rousseau was among those social philosophers who explored the paradox that radical political theorists, remain unable to raise to democratic politics, a duality of social interests and diverse conceptions for a modern man in the form of ‘democracy’ and ‘totalitarian’ context. He was such a versatile in his opinion that on one hand he held the opinion to experience democracy, while on the other he felt the urge to be totalitarian. No doubt Rousseau’s ideal of a self-sovereign people along with the conception of democratic control over social life, informed the moral and political vision of nineteenth and twentieth century democratic mass movements, as well as non-democratic variants thereof.Although Rousseau have been the first political theorist to outline the form of a democratic social contract, his obsession with social solidarity precluded his conceptualizing the content of modern democratic political life . What he believed was a modern democrati c policy within which general will involved the establishment of a democratic consensus, among divergent social interests and distinct moral conceptions of the good, on those shared constitutional practices and public goods that reach beyond one’s identity with a particular sub community.Rousseau was among the very few political philosophers and theorists who gave a touch of taste of totalitarian to a full democratic region. He comprehend that if democracy were to be a stable and viable order, a commitment to its political practices and public goods would have to be an integral part of the will of each of its citizens, regardless of their propertied status. Although Rousseau acknowledged that in a free society the existence of such a shared "general will" should not obliterate individual wills, his attitude toward the role of associational life in a democratic order was profoundly ambivalent. Perhaps because he never witnessed a functioning pluralist democracy and vigorously opposed the status and economic inequalities of a commercial, monarchical society, Rousseau could not envision a democracy in which the political interactions of divergent interests forged a commitment to a common political life 3. In his day, status-based interests were a profound barrier to the creation of an egalitarian, democratic order; thus Rousseau never witnessed free associations playing a central role in the life of a demo cratic polity. Although Rousseau is theoretically committed to the sovereign authority of the people, he could be thought of as such a political symbol that severely curtailed the arena for democratic politics by denying any role for particular interests groups or sub communities in political deliberation. He believed a democratic society to be partly constituted through popular participation in the election of government and in popular deliberation about the constitutional structure of society, the nature of the basic laws. But it is also shaped by particular interests defending their concerns in both civil society and the political arena. In a vigorous and egalitarian democratic order, a complex dialectic would persist between the activities of secondary associations and their regulation by broader democratic cultural norms and legislative practices. Although the citizens of a democracy must at times achieve a measure of reflective distance from their particular attachments in order to reason ab out shared institutions and practices, a complete distancing from particular identities will never be fully achieved 4. This mediation between particular and collective identities, and between partial interests and the common good, can only occur politically. There is no Archimedean resolution to this inherent democratic dilemma. For Rousseau the essence of both "natural freedom" and "civil freedom" was the absence of personal dependence on others. In a society characterized by a healthy civic culture, all

Hotel and Outdoor Petting Zoo Essay Example for Free

Hotel and Outdoor Petting Zoo Essay There are many steps to planning a vacation to Kalahari Resorts, Ohio. First of all, you must ask yourself how many days would you like to spend at Kalahari. Once you decide, you must figure you want to book a flight or drive. Depending on certain dates, flights can be really expensive if booked during peak vaction months. Driving on the other hand, is not for everyone. It can be very expensive with the price of gas, and very tedious depending how many hours you will spend in the car. The next step is to find pricings on the hotel with their website, Kalahariresorts.com. This website provides package deals that include: the room, access to the aracde, and also access to the pool. When choosing your room, you need to pick the perks you want, such as a full kitchen or a veiw of the outdoor petting zoo. Now that you have chosen your means of transportaion and room, you must determine how much money you would like to spend while are there. This will help set a budget and keep and keep your finances in order, but also prevent you from spending too much. Always remember to have fun at Kalahari and make it a stay youll never forget. There are many steps to planning a vacation to Kalahari Resorts, Ohio. First of all, you must ask yourself how many days would you like to spend at Kalahari. Once you decide, you must figure you want to book a flight or drive. Depending on certain dates, flights can be really expensive if booked during peak vaction months. Driving on the other hand, is not for everyone. It can be very expensive with the price of gas, and very tedious depending how many hours you will spend in the car. The next step is to find pricings on the hotel with their website, Kalahariresorts.com. This website provides package deals that include: the room, access to the aracde, and also access to the pool. When choosing your room, you need to pick the perks you want, such as a full kitchen or a veiw of the outdoor petting zoo. Now that you have chosen your means of transportaion and room, you must determine how  much money you would like to spend while are there. This will help set a budget and keep and keep your finances in order, but also prevent you from spending too much. Always remember to have fun at Kalahari and make it a stay youll never forget.

Confucius-Summary Essay -- essays research papers

Confucius-Summary   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Master Kung, also known as Kung Fu-tzu is known to be the Confucius of the west. He is one of the most well known philosophers in Chinese history. Confucianism has evolved so much over the years that no one knows the original thoughts of the master. Master Kung established a tradition of cultural values. Confucius wanted to attain a position in government so he could influence the ruler, thus helping him make wiser decisions. He was appointed to a governmental position in Lu but it was brief. So he traveled the neighboring states hoping to attain another position, and he did but he often spoke his mind when he shouldn’t have and was forced to leave again. When he returned home he realized that through his teaching he would be able to affect the people more. Confucius taught that all human affairs were structured by five relationships: father and son, husband and wife, elder and younger brother, ruler and official, and friend and friend. He had a major emphasis on the family be cause three of these relationships focus on the family. Confucius was more of a summarizer and rephraser of truths than an original thinker. He focused on the relation of human being to human being and the relation of governor to governed. Confucius Life Confucius is described, by Sima Qian and other sources, as having endured a poverty-stricken and humiliating youth and been forced, upon reaching manhood, to undertake such petty jobs as accounting and caring for livestock. Confucius surname Kong (which means literally an utterance of thankfulness when prayers have been answered), his tabooed given name Qiu, and his social name Zhongni, all appear connected to the miraculous circumstances of his birth. We do not know how Confucius himself was educated, but tradition has it that he studied ritual with the Daoist Master Lao Dan, music with Chang Hong, and the lute with Music-master Xiang. At the age of fifty, when Duke Ding of Lu was on the throne, Confucius' talents were recognized and he was appointed Minister of Public Works and then Minister of Crime. But Confucius apparently offended members of the Lu nobility who were with Duke Ding for power and he was subsequently forced to leave office and go into exile. In any case, by most t raditional accounts, Confucius returned to Lu in 484 BCE and spent the remainder of his life teaching,... ...e to physical force, such ‘virtue’ also enabled the ruler to maintain good order in his state without troubling himself and by relying on loyal and effective deputies. The way to maintain and cultivate such royal ‘virtue’ was through the practice and enactment of li or ‘rituals’—the ceremonies that defined and punctuated the lives of the ancient Chinese aristocracy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Confucius Sayings   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Confucius was a man who talked about the virtues and principles of life dealing with family, government, and work. These concepts were often reflected in his quotes. These are a few to ponder the mind: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Virtue is not left to stand alone. He who practices it will have. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is not possible for one to teach others who cannot teach his own family. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He who merely knows right principles is not equal to him who loves them. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If you enjoy what you do, you'll never work another day in your life. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They must often change, who would be constant in happiness or wisdom.

An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge Essay

â€Å"As he is about to clasp her he feels a stunning blow upon the back of the neck; a blinding white light blazes all around him with a sound like the shock of a cannon—then all is darkness and silence†. Ambrose Bierce has a unique way of captivating reader’s attention and it is perfectly shown in his short story â€Å"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge†. The story tells about a man in southern Alabama during the Civil War, which is about to be hanged by a group of Union soldiers. This man to be hanged is identified as a gentleman named Peyton Farquhar who attempted to destroy the Owl Creek Bridge, the same one they are standing on. Suddenly, the rope snaps and he falls into the river where he somehow manages to swim ashore in order to escape from the Union soldiers. As he pulls himself ashore, he now starts the long journey home. After walking all day and night without feeling â€Å"the roadway beneath his feet† he arrives home and as he is about to hug his wife, he feels a strong pain in his neck and hears a loud noise. Farquhar was now dead by hanging, and all of his escape was just a dream of his. It is set in the Owl Creek Bridge in Alabama where Peyton Farquhar is about to be hanged early in the morning. The whole story happens just in one day, even though the author mentions flashbacks of Peyton’s past. On one side of the creek there is forest and on the other is a group of Union Soldiers. There is a cannon hiding in a line of trees and the soldiers are preparing to execute Farquhar with a rope around his neck. There is only one main character in the story and three secondary characters. Peyton Farquhar is a plantation owner who comes from a wealthy family from the south. However he is a strong supporter of the Southern cause. He is arrested and is to be hanged by the Union soldiers because he attempted to destroy Owl Creek Bridge so that the Union soldiers wouldn’t pass by his hometown. There is also Mrs. Farquhar, Peyton’s wife who was a small but significant role in the story. She is the one who alerts Peyton of the arrival of the Union soldiers to their town. The groups of Union soldiers include executioners, a Lieutenant who gives the final orders; there are sentinels, officers and also soldiers along the shore. There is also a Union Scout, which is mentioned in one of Farquhar’s flashback, who is a soldier that rides onto Farquhar’s plantation asking for a glass of water wearing Confederate gray. He later on turns out to be the one who warns the Union soldiers about Farquhar’s plan to burn down Owl Creek Bridge. The story is divided in three parts. None of them are written in first person. Most of the story is told in a third person point of view. The storyteller can observe events but cannot enter the mind of ant character and cannot change ant of his or her thoughts. However in some parts of the story, the narration changes to omniscient third person point of view. We know this because the author takes the reader inside Farquhar’s mind to show how his mind interprets reality. When it comes to talking about the theme, Peyton Farquhar denies reality. He avoids it. This is why he enters into the delusional state of mind. While being hanged he dreams that he escapes after the weight of he’s body breaks the rope and he swims to safety, and long after he returns to his home. Even though this dream lasts only seconds, in Farquhar’s mind it lasts the whole day. This could be a way of the author to say that Farquhar refuses to accept the reality that is going on during the civil war, where even gentlemen like him who support the Southern cause can be victims of what the barbarous Union soldiers can do. The story was published in 1891 right after the civil war in the United States of America. Bierce tries to express how the cruelty took place during the years of the Civil war, how slaves were treated and condemned. By Farquhar’s character Bierce expresses how anybody who opposed the Union to support the Southern cause was seen as a rebellious person no matter his social position. There is a controversy between critics when it comes to categorizing this short story into a literary form. Some critics say that the story is a narration: it has a beginning, a middle and an end. However some critics believe that because of the ending, the story is more of a thriller, suspense or even mystery. Bierce uses a unique way to shift from different tones during the story. He changes from an authorial realistic voice, to a fantastic tone in order to immerse into Farquhar’s mind. â€Å"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge† is a very interesting story with a surprising twist. Ambrose Bierce uses many different techniques to show the reader how brutal and savage the Civil war was like and how people was treated. This short story changed the American culture.

Child Custody and Support Laws Should Be Changed Essay

Present child custody and support laws do not make any sense. They often penalize hard working parents and alienate parents from children they love. These laws must be re-examined and revised so that the best interest of children be served at all times. John Smith lives with his new wife and her four children, ages 4 to 14. He is the only father that these youngsters have known, and he provides for them in all the ways that a father must. John Smith must pay $1,000 to his ex-wife, a woman he divorced 12 years ago, but with whom he had two children, ages 14 and 15. He barely sees his children, and when he does, the situation is strained and the children act like they would rather be somewhere else. John believes that he would rather have had primary custody of his children: he would have participated more actively in their upbringing, and he would have stayed closer to them, and he would have made a better parent that their mother. He resents that he was not given the opportunity to be closer to his children; instead, the courts had given custody to her; she was their mother, and that was all that counted. Now, they are almost strangers to him. John is angry that the system is holding him hostage to his ex-wife by mandating that he pay her $1,000 a month, even though they’ve been divorced for 12 years, even though she refuses to seek employment to contribute to her children’s support, even though he must struggle to make ends meet with his new family. John Smith is one of 3 million divorced men who have had very little control over decisions of custody and child support. These men feel that as implemented, these laws favor the mothers and force men into choosing to become deadbeat dads. Show status of situation: how many children live in divorced homes; what percentage of das get custody; show how in a typical situation, mothers get custody, and fathers paay support. This situation must change, laws must be designed to treat all equitably and fairly, and in this particular case, the primary concern should be the best interest of the children in divorce situations. I.Custody decisions should be based on who is the better parent II.As much as possible, both parents should have equal access to their children III.Child support rules should demand equally from both parents IV.Rules should allow non-custodial parent enough finances to live his/her life V.Payment should be linked to visitation, etc

Public Administration essay

Public Administration essay Public Administration essay Public Administration essayPublic administration provides the organization of joint activities of people and manages these activities through the relevant bodies of the state apparatus and civil servants who perform certain functions. Among the functional responsibilities I can highlight the following: planning, scientific forecasting, formation of government bodies and organization of their activities, gathering and processing information, monitoring and accounting. I believe that the most important feature of public administration is the practical organization of the functions of the state.Each person sees public administration in different ways, but all of us wants to live in a state where his opinion is taken into account. I agree with experts who believe that public administration takes place where people work together collaboratively. It provides awareness and focus of this activity. Management achieves its goals through the harmonization and coordination of human actions. Ther efore, I am sure that it is desirable that each of us takes into account not only personal initiative, but also consider the opinion of other people. In my opinion, it would be right. Performing coordination function, management ensures consistency between the individual actions.In order to understand how possible it is for the system of public administration to be at the same time effective, efficient, and accountable, I offer to consider what principles the governance is based on. There are three approaches, which are formulated according to these basic principles. They are: legal, political and management. Core values ​​of public administration under legal approach are the values ​​of the rule of law and the protection of citizens rights. In this case, public servants are subordinated not so much to their superior, but to the requirements of law. According to political approach, the main task of government is to maximize the embodiment of the will of p eople. Civil servants at the same time must be politically accountable and susceptible to the current interests of the citizens. As it is known the core values ​​of public administration under management approach should be: effectiveness, efficiency and results. On my opinion, it is important to get maximum results with acceptable cost. As we see, these three approaches have one common problem the problem of compliance of actions of civil servants formulated in principles: follow the rule of law (legal approach), following the will of people (political approach) and follow the purpose of obtaining the desired socio-economic result (management approach).In my opinion, it is impossible to speak separately about effectiveness, efficiency, and accountability, as they are complementary concepts. If the system is not effective and efficient, it won’t be accountable. Conversely, without setting a goal to work for results, efficiency and qualification are meaningless. I believe that in order to achieve these three conditions, political administration should adhere to a set of requirements. Experts say that effectiveness of the work of management system requires interaction of all components of the system. Management should be comfortable for both manager, and managed. Thus, I am sure that for effectiveness, efficiency, and accountability, public administration should adhere to ethics of management. Manager must be able to think and build a logical chain. He should have a wide range of knowledge of the area in which he works. I truly believe that all employees of the public administration should be literate and competent. In order to make public administration effective, efficient, and accountable, it needs to set goals. The main objectives of public administration are socio-economic (achievement of economic prosperity, building and maintaining a certain system of economic relations, and satisfaction of public interest), political (developing posi tive proposals and processes in society and state, participating of all political forces in the management of the country, contributing to the improvement of state and social structures and , in particular, human development), security (ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens, rule of law in society, public order and safety), institutional (formation of legal system, promoting implementation of all the basic functions of the state and solving all its problems with the help of democratic institutions and the rule of law mechanisms).Based on the facts named above, I can make a conclusion that the considerable importance in the government belongs to people who work in this system. I believe that government employees have to be of great professionalism in order public administration to be effective. Professional experience and deep knowledge play a huge role in improving the efficiency of public administration. It is appropriate to create business schools where future specialists c ould learn the priority tasks of the system and experiences of successful managers. Their professionalism must be maintained by conducting appraisals. There is a need to conduct seminars for civil servants with foreign guests to share experiences. I am sure that it is necessary for state personnel to be guided by national interests, listen to the needs of population, and hold meetings with public. In order to improve governance, they should follow its principles. Among the basic principles are the following: democracy (according to which the people is the source of power), legality (activities should be based on compliance with the laws of the country), objectivity (adequate perception of the situation), scientific (adoption and implementation of management decisions should be carried out taking into account scientific developments), concreteness (activity management should take into account specific circumstances of life), and efficiency (achieving the objectives of management acti vities should be done with minimal effort, time and money). I am sure that managers should be able to find a middle ground, then the work of public administration will be effective, efficient, and accountable.

Bill Gates had been friends since high school Essay Example for Free

Bill Gates had been friends since high school Essay Mike Basset and Bill Gates had been friends since high school. They’d competed for 1st place all the time. They’d spent hour’s together writing computer programs even before people heard in programming. They grew up together and even went to university and were joint top students. They both went in the programming business and soon each opened their own computer company Bill named his ‘Microsoft’ and Mike called it ‘Compufriek’. Bill was very successful and was very famous his products all across the globe he was well know for Windows and Microsoft office. On the other hand Mike was very good but only known in the United States but still lacking behind Bill. They both got married and had children. Mike’s wife Jenny was very jealous of Marry Mrs. Gates shoe always used to talk about how successful her husband is and the contacts he makes with Difrent Company’s across the world. Mike is also fed up his only ambition from when he was a boy was to run the best computer company and here his best friend his standing in his way. One day Mr. & Mrs. Gates invited the Bassets for a barbecue in their new mansion. It was exactly noon when the Bassets arrived at the Gates. â€Å"Hello Mike† said Bill, â€Å"how’s things going? † he asked. â€Å"Alright† replied Mike. They sat down at a table, Bill has dismissed all the servants so they could spend some time together and do everything like the old days. â€Å"I have just signed a deal with the Japanese,† â€Å"Worth a lot† saying Bill as proud as it gets. â€Å"Good I wish the best for you† replied Mike but in a not meaning it sort of way. â€Å"I am fed up of this he’s always boasting about himself, oh I wish I was as rich and famous like Bill† he was saying to himself. The day went on and they had dinner. The next day Mike’s wife started to nag she kept saying how come you’re not as rich as bill and you’re better than him, he couldn’t take it. That day he wanted to eat Chinese he went to his favorite Chinese restaurant ‘Chin Dragon’. They ate dinner and after a waitress came up to them, â€Å"do you want to try our new fortune cookies† â€Å"some people have been very lucky and even there dreams came true† she said. â€Å"Well ok get us two,† replied Mike â€Å"Right away† said the waitress. She went and came back after five minutes carrying a plate with 2 cookies. â€Å"There you go,† said the waitress Mike took his and snapped it in half and took the paper out. â€Å"What does it say? † Asked Mikes wife. â€Å"Fame and fortune will come very soon,† replied Mike. His wife then takes hers and snaps it in half and took her paper. â€Å"Mines say’s your loved ones will be rich and famous! † She told Mike. â€Å"Can it be that my dream will finally come true? † He said to himself. â€Å"What does this mean? † Asked Jenny. â€Å"I don’t know† Mike replied. â€Å"But lets go home I’m tired and I need a rest† he said. When they got home Mike couldn’t stop thinking about the fortune cookies. He kept wondering was this just a coincidence that he got this in a fortune cookie, even Jenny his wife got the same thing. Can this be true can his life ambition come true? No he thought it has to be a coincidence. That night he couldn’t sleep. He kept thinking if this was true what was going to bring him this fame and fortune? All he’s working on at this moment is a simple hacking program for him self because of free time. His wife wakes up. She asks him why isn’t he asleep. He tells her what he’s thinking about and she says, â€Å"I don’t think your going to get fame and fortune just like that†Ã'Ž â€Å"What do you mean? † he replied â€Å"Well, that hacking program you’re working on for fun† she says. â€Å"Yes what about it? † he replies anxiously. â€Å"Is it power full? She asks. â€Å"Yeah its pretty good† he replies but doesn’t have a clue what’s all this got to do with his fortune. â€Å"Why don’t you access Bills files and find out what he’s planning? † she says quietly. â€Å"You want me to betray my best friend. No forget about it† he replied angrily and went to bed. The next day he gets up and goes on his computer to do a bit of work. He kept working on his hacking program until it was finished. â€Å"Honey† he called. â€Å"I’ve finished my program. † Jenny walks in and congratulates him â€Å"Well no you need to test it! † she said. â€Å"Test it? † he replied. â€Å"Who on? † â€Å"I can’t try it on anyone its illegal† â€Å"Well test it on Bills I am sure he wont mind, you are his best friend† she tells him â€Å"Just see if it works properly and the switch it off† â€Å"Well ok† he replies and starts to test it he started to input and few numbers and letters and the put search. Bills name came up on the screen. He accessed his computer. â€Å"Look what’s that? † asked Jenny â€Å"Oh it will be some of his files† â€Å"I’ll close it now I know it works† he saidÃ'Ž â€Å"No† Jenny said, â€Å"just have a quick look, it won’t hurt† He sat there looking at Bill Gates files. His ambition took control of him. He spotted a file named ‘big plan’. He began looking through it. It was a massive program what was going to change the world. He froze. All his life he wanted fame and now he could get it but at his best friends cost. Jenny kept telling him to copy the file then alter it for him so he goes wrong. She called him a coward. He didn’t know what to do. His wife kept nagging him. He finally surrendered to his ambition and downloaded the file to his computer and started to alter Bills file completely. Jenny kept saying how wonderful he was and encouraged him to carry on. He was finished. He worked day and night on this program until one day he had finished it. Bill rang him up that day and said that his whole life just went wrong. The program contract with the Japs he made has fallen because his program didn’t work. Now he has to pay Billions of pounds in compensation and at the moment cant pay that amount so he had to sell half his company. At that moment guilt started to grow in Mikes heart. His best friends life has collapsed but his road is open. He felt very sorry for him and said he was busy. In the following week Mike made a contract with the British. He sold them Bill’s program for a 30 billion contract he got 50% of the shares. His name was known all across the globe and his program sold very fast. But now he was feeling very guilty he’s now the famous rich and famous one while his friend was under debt. In those weeks Bill didn’t even find out about Mike he was to busy sorting out his problem. He went and says the program a computer competition. He was absolutely stunned when it had looked just like the one he made. He gets a bit suspicious and goes to Mike’s home straight away. When he got there he didn’t even say hello to Mike the first thing he said was â€Å"that program of yours when did you start making it? † Mike hesitated a bit knowing Bills suspicion he replies â€Å"oh I’ve been on this special project for a long time, Its been a secret† Bill talked to him about it and went back home. Mike was feeling awful he probably just lost his best friend. His guilt grew more and more over the days past. He didn’t hear from Bill for a while now and was really scared. What he didn’t know was at this time Bill was trying to see if anyone had hacked is computer. He knew that it couldn’t be just anyone because his computer was protected with extra security. Bill spent hours trying to track down the thief. One day when Bill was on his computer he was going through a list of who opened the computer and when he say a weird number. He tried to find out what it meant but couldn’t. Meanwhile Mike was not leading a happy life. He was rich and famous. Didn’t even see his wife, she was always out and about. He couldn’t go out and show his face to the public they would just give him credit for the new program and that would make things worse. One week later something very unexpected happened when Mike was at home. The F. B. I came knocking at his door. â€Å"Can I help you? † he asked â€Å"Would you please come with us? † they replied. â€Å"What seems to be the matter? † Mike asked knowing he was caught. â€Å"You are under arrest for hacking into someone’s computer and steeling ideas and programs. † They replied in a disappointed tone of voice. At that moment he knew his life was over his ambition just destroyed his life. He went quietly with them. As stepping out of their car and going towards the police station he says Bill. â€Å"I’m sorry,† he said to him. â€Å"From all the people I didn’t want to think it was you† he replied in a disappointed way. Mike walked off with the agents and into the station. He was sentenced to 15 years in prison. All of the money from the program went to Bill Gates and he got all the credit. He managed to by back all his company and start dominating the computer world once again. Mike was finished he would never write another computer program again. Bill’s life returned to normal except for one thing he had no best friend beside him. Bill Gates had been friends since high school. (2017, Aug 21). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

FMS Optimisation using Discrete Event Simulation and Genetic Algorithm Essay

FMS Optimisation using Discrete Event Simulation and Genetic Algorithm - Essay Example The production planning in the manufacturing systems are forecasted using Enterprise Resource Planning package recently. Since the market demand varies every now and then the process has to be driven based on that. Flexible manufacturing system functions by utilising these advancements and deliver multiple products of sufficient quantity as per the demand. Genetic Algorithms are found to provide solutions for real-time problems in various operations. It has been used conveniently for researchers for various search and optimization problems. Owing to the problems associated with FMS optimization using Genetic algorithm and discrete simulation system this present project is initiated. Kazuhiro Saitou et al. (2002) presented a robust design of FMS using colored Petri nets and genetic algorithm. In their work it was found that the resource allocation and operation schedule were modelled as colored Petri nets. Their robust model designed minimized the production cost under multiple operation plan. It as able to handle large data sets conveniently as well as operates flexibly by using an genetic algorithm merged with shortest imminent operation time dispatching rule and automatically finds the optimal resource. These kinds of simulation can be more applicable in situation where there is varied job specification. Discrete event simulation The discrete event simulation works powerfully in optimization and decision-making process in manufacturing systems. Merchawl and Elmaraghy (1998) developed an analytical approach to customize the discrete event simulation for decision-making in flexible manufacturing systems. Planning horizon, the overall system average interarrival time and the average number of workstation influences the simulation run time. In their approach they reduced the simulation run time by aggregating the number of workstations. They also validated their methods with sample and control measures by running the applications with and without aggregation of the workstation. The results showed a 400% time reduction with fewer errors. Mostly the Genetic Algorithms (GA) is coupled with other techniques or processes to handle complex situation. Studies carried out revealed that increasing the mutation rates above optimum level cannot solve the problems associated. The study was focused on finding methods to improve the performance of GA by improving the average fitness of the initial population, P. Fenton and P. Walsh (2005) Review and Analysis The project will focus on initial aspects of reviewing the present complications and problems associated with the utilities of GA and Discrete event simulation methods. The first phase of review will focus on identifying the present application of these algorithms in various domains and its recent advancements. The next phase of the review analysis will be focused towards identifying all the limitations of these systems at the implementations